add joing deb to ad

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Paul Wilde 2025-01-13 11:04:16 +00:00
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@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
<div class="footer__inner"> <div class="footer__inner">
<div class="copyright"> <div class="copyright">
<span>© <span>©
2024 2025
Paul Wilde</span> Paul Wilde</span>
<span class="copyright-theme"> <span class="copyright-theme">
<span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span> <span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span>

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@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ draw for fun and I in no way claim to be a good artist in any way.</p>
<div class="footer__inner"> <div class="footer__inner">
<div class="copyright"> <div class="copyright">
<span>© <span>©
2024 2025
Paul Wilde</span> Paul Wilde</span>
<span class="copyright-theme"> <span class="copyright-theme">
<span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span> <span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span>

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@ -4,8 +4,57 @@
<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://paulwilde.uk/atom.xml"/> <link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://paulwilde.uk/atom.xml"/>
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://paulwilde.uk"/> <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://paulwilde.uk"/>
<generator uri="https://www.getzola.org/">Zola</generator> <generator uri="https://www.getzola.org/">Zola</generator>
<updated>2024-08-18T16:08:00+00:00</updated> <updated>2025-01-09T15:29:42+00:00</updated>
<id>https://paulwilde.uk/atom.xml</id> <id>https://paulwilde.uk/atom.xml</id>
<entry xml:lang="en">
<title>Joining Debian Linux (Desktop) to an Active Directory Domain</title>
<published>2025-01-09T15:29:42+00:00</published>
<updated>2025-01-09T15:29:42+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>
Unknown
</name>
</author>
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/joining-debian-to-ad-domain/"/>
<id>https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/joining-debian-to-ad-domain/</id>
<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;I&#x27;ve come across many articles about how to join a linux system to a Microsoft
Active Directory domain and they all work more or less with some tweaking. This is
my article, here describing my own processes for doing it, trying to explain each
bit as it comes.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Part of a &lt;a href=&quot;&#x2F;tags&#x2F;using_linux_in_a_windows_domain&quot;&gt;&quot;Using Linux in a Windows Domain&quot;&lt;&#x2F;a&gt; group of posts.&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
This article is for desktop Debian Linux - for setting up a PC so it can be used by a standard user of the PC.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
</summary>
</entry>
<entry xml:lang="en">
<title>Accused of Hacking</title>
<published>2025-01-06T18:45:00+00:00</published>
<updated>2025-01-06T18:45:00+00:00</updated>
<author>
<name>
Unknown
</name>
</author>
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/robots-aint-hacking/"/>
<id>https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/robots-aint-hacking/</id>
<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;About 5 years years ago, during a security sweep of a new &quot;app&quot; a
client had started using, I discovered the hosting company&#x27;s website
had a robots.txt giving the paths of many pages on their website containing
sensitive information.&lt;br &#x2F;&gt;
The whole thing is starting to snowball, so this is my statement.&lt;&#x2F;p&gt;
</summary>
</entry>
<entry xml:lang="en"> <entry xml:lang="en">
<title>Norg Backup Utility</title> <title>Norg Backup Utility</title>
<published>2024-08-18T16:08:00+00:00</published> <published>2024-08-18T16:08:00+00:00</published>

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@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
<div class="home-content"> <div class="home-content">
<h3 id="welcome">Welcome</h3> <h3 id="welcome">Welcome</h3>
<ul> <ul>
<li>IT Professional</li> <li>IT Professional</li>
<li>Husband</li> <li>Husband</li>
@ -92,6 +92,185 @@
<li>Hobbyist Musician</li> <li>Hobbyist Musician</li>
</ul> </ul>
<hr/>
<h3>Latest Ponderings: </h3>
<div class="post on-list">
<h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/joining-debian-to-ad-domain/">Joining Debian Linux (Desktop) to an Active Directory Domain</a></h1>
<div class="post-meta-inline">
<span class="post-date">
2025-01-09
</span>
</div>
<span class="post-tags-inline">
:: tags:&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/linux/">#linux</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/sysadmin/">#sysadmin</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/tech/">#tech</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/using-linux-in-a-windows-domain/">#using linux in a windows domain</a></span>
<div class="post-content">
<p>I've come across many articles about how to join a linux system to a Microsoft
Active Directory domain and they all work more or less with some tweaking. This is
my article, here describing my own processes for doing it, trying to explain each
bit as it comes.</p>
<p>Part of a <a href="/tags/using_linux_in_a_windows_domain">"Using Linux in a Windows Domain"</a> group of posts.<br />
This article is for desktop Debian Linux - for setting up a PC so it can be used by a standard user of the PC.</p>
</div>
<div>
<!-- &#xFE0E; -- force text style - some devices render this as emoji -->
<a class="read-more button" href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/joining-debian-to-ad-domain/">
<span class="button__text">Read more</span>&nbsp;
<span class="button__icon">&#8617;&#xFE0E;</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="post on-list">
<h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/robots-aint-hacking/">Accused of Hacking</a></h1>
<div class="post-meta-inline">
<span class="post-date">
2025-01-06
</span>
</div>
<span class="post-tags-inline">
:: tags:&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/cyber-security/">#cyber security</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/privacy/">#privacy</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/rant/">#rant</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/robots-txt/">#robots.txt</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/tech/">#tech</a></span>
<div class="post-content">
<p>About 5 years years ago, during a security sweep of a new "app" a
client had started using, I discovered the hosting company's website
had a robots.txt giving the paths of many pages on their website containing
sensitive information.<br />
The whole thing is starting to snowball, so this is my statement.</p>
</div>
<div>
<!-- &#xFE0E; -- force text style - some devices render this as emoji -->
<a class="read-more button" href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/robots-aint-hacking/">
<span class="button__text">Read more</span>&nbsp;
<span class="button__icon">&#8617;&#xFE0E;</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="post on-list">
<h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/norg/">Norg Backup Utility</a></h1>
<div class="post-meta-inline">
<span class="post-date">
2024-08-18
</span>
</div>
<span class="post-tags-inline">
:: tags:&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/backups/">#backups</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/borgbackup/">#borgbackup</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/development/">#development</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/freebsd/">#freebsd</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/linux/">#linux</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/nim/">#nim</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/tools/">#tools</a></span>
<div class="post-content">
<h1 id="norg">Norg</h1>
<p>A simple, portable, wrapper for the <a href="https://www.borgbackup.org">borg backup</a> and <a href="https://restic.net">restic</a> utilities written in Nim.</p>
</div>
<div>
<!-- &#xFE0E; -- force text style - some devices render this as emoji -->
<a class="read-more button" href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/norg/">
<span class="button__text">Read more</span>&nbsp;
<span class="button__icon">&#8617;&#xFE0E;</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<a href="/ponderings">More ponderings...</a>
</div> </div>
@ -113,7 +292,7 @@
<div class="footer__inner"> <div class="footer__inner">
<div class="copyright"> <div class="copyright">
<span>© <span>©
2024 2025
Paul Wilde</span> Paul Wilde</span>
<span class="copyright-theme"> <span class="copyright-theme">
<span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span> <span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span>

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@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ things that use this dough here, eventually.</p>
<div class="footer__inner"> <div class="footer__inner">
<div class="copyright"> <div class="copyright">
<span>© <span>©
2024 2025
Paul Wilde</span> Paul Wilde</span>
<span class="copyright-theme"> <span class="copyright-theme">
<span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span> <span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span>

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@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ and send your own notifications:</p>
<div class="footer__inner"> <div class="footer__inner">
<div class="copyright"> <div class="copyright">
<span>© <span>©
2024 2025
Paul Wilde</span> Paul Wilde</span>
<span class="copyright-theme"> <span class="copyright-theme">
<span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span> <span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span>

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@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ Has additional Vue.js implementation for news and exchange rates updates.</p>
<div class="footer__inner"> <div class="footer__inner">
<div class="copyright"> <div class="copyright">
<span>© <span>©
2024 2025
Paul Wilde</span> Paul Wilde</span>
<span class="copyright-theme"> <span class="copyright-theme">
<span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span> <span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span>

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@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ Wouldnt it be great if it said</p>
<div class="footer__inner"> <div class="footer__inner">
<div class="copyright"> <div class="copyright">
<span>© <span>©
2024 2025
Paul Wilde</span> Paul Wilde</span>
<span class="copyright-theme"> <span class="copyright-theme">
<span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span> <span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span>

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@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ Yeah, just that really. (The image is <em>not</em> me)</p>
<div class="footer__inner"> <div class="footer__inner">
<div class="copyright"> <div class="copyright">
<span>© <span>©
2024 2025
Paul Wilde</span> Paul Wilde</span>
<span class="copyright-theme"> <span class="copyright-theme">
<span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span> <span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span>

View file

@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ Squeaking the old well known phrase<br />
<div class="footer__inner"> <div class="footer__inner">
<div class="copyright"> <div class="copyright">
<span>© <span>©
2024 2025
Paul Wilde</span> Paul Wilde</span>
<span class="copyright-theme"> <span class="copyright-theme">
<span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span> <span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span>

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@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ It might not be fully accurate but I don't care</p>
<div class="footer__inner"> <div class="footer__inner">
<div class="copyright"> <div class="copyright">
<span>© <span>©
2024 2025
Paul Wilde</span> Paul Wilde</span>
<span class="copyright-theme"> <span class="copyright-theme">
<span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span> <span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span>

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@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ the geese website was made as a bit of fun and to please minor obsession with ge
<div class="footer__inner"> <div class="footer__inner">
<div class="copyright"> <div class="copyright">
<span>© <span>©
2024 2025
Paul Wilde</span> Paul Wilde</span>
<span class="copyright-theme"> <span class="copyright-theme">
<span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span> <span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span>

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@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
<div class="footer__inner"> <div class="footer__inner">
<div class="copyright"> <div class="copyright">
<span>© <span>©
2024 2025
Paul Wilde</span> Paul Wilde</span>
<span class="copyright-theme"> <span class="copyright-theme">
<span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span> <span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span>

View file

@ -81,6 +81,90 @@
<div class="posts"> <div class="posts">
<div class="post on-list"> <div class="post on-list">
<h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/joining-debian-to-ad-domain/">Joining Debian Linux (Desktop) to an Active Directory Domain</a></h1>
<div class="post-meta-inline">
<span class="post-date">
2025-01-09
</span>
</div>
<span class="post-tags-inline">
:: tags:&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/linux/">#linux</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/sysadmin/">#sysadmin</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/tech/">#tech</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/using-linux-in-a-windows-domain/">#using linux in a windows domain</a></span>
<div class="post-content">
<p>I've come across many articles about how to join a linux system to a Microsoft
Active Directory domain and they all work more or less with some tweaking. This is
my article, here describing my own processes for doing it, trying to explain each
bit as it comes.</p>
<p>Part of a <a href="/tags/using_linux_in_a_windows_domain">"Using Linux in a Windows Domain"</a> group of posts.<br />
This article is for desktop Debian Linux - for setting up a PC so it can be used by a standard user of the PC.</p>
</div>
<div>
<!-- &#xFE0E; -- force text style - some devices render this as emoji -->
<a class="read-more button" href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/joining-debian-to-ad-domain/">
<span class="button__text">Read more</span>&nbsp;
<span class="button__icon">&#8617;&#xFE0E;</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="post on-list">
<h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/robots-aint-hacking/">Accused of Hacking</a></h1>
<div class="post-meta-inline">
<span class="post-date">
2025-01-06
</span>
</div>
<span class="post-tags-inline">
:: tags:&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/cyber-security/">#cyber security</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/privacy/">#privacy</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/rant/">#rant</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/robots-txt/">#robots.txt</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/tech/">#tech</a></span>
<div class="post-content">
<p>About 5 years years ago, during a security sweep of a new "app" a
client had started using, I discovered the hosting company's website
had a robots.txt giving the paths of many pages on their website containing
sensitive information.<br />
The whole thing is starting to snowball, so this is my statement.</p>
</div>
<div>
<!-- &#xFE0E; -- force text style - some devices render this as emoji -->
<a class="read-more button" href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/robots-aint-hacking/">
<span class="button__text">Read more</span>&nbsp;
<span class="button__icon">&#8617;&#xFE0E;</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="post on-list">
<h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/norg/">Norg Backup Utility</a></h1> <h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/norg/">Norg Backup Utility</a></h1>
<div class="post-meta-inline"> <div class="post-meta-inline">
@ -368,75 +452,6 @@ maintains a BirdsiteLIVE instance with the url <a href="https://birdsite.wilde.c
</div> </div>
</div>
<div class="post on-list">
<h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/sql-haiku/">SQL Haiku</a></h1>
<div class="post-meta-inline">
<span class="post-date">
2022-10-26
</span>
</div>
<span class="post-tags-inline">
:: tags:&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/code/">#code</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/funny/">#funny</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/poems/">#poems</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/sql/">#sql</a></span>
<div class="post-content">
<pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#c792ea;">SELECT</span><span> haiku </span><span style="color:#c792ea;">FROM
</span><span>tableHaikus </span><span style="color:#c792ea;">WHERE</span><span> LEFT(name,
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">3</span><span>) </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">LIKE &#39;</span><span style="color:#c3e88d;">SQL</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">&#39;</span><span>;
</span></code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="post on-list">
<h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/fortieth/">Fortieth</a></h1>
<div class="post-meta-inline">
<span class="post-date">
2022-09-24
</span>
</div>
<span class="post-tags-inline">
:: tags:&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/poems/">#poems</a></span>
<div class="post-content">
<p>'Twas the morning after the fortieth<br />
And all through the house<br />
Not a creature was stirring<br />
Except the one making the coffee and Alkaseltzer</p>
<p>'Twas the morning after the morning after the fortieth<br />
And all through the house<br />
The creatures were starting to stir but generally still uncomfortable and underperforming</p>
<p>'Twas the morning after the morning after the morning after the fortieth<br />
And all through the house<br />
The creatures were stirring<br />
Even the mouse!<br />
It scurried up the staircase<br />
Squeaking the old well known phrase<br />
"Warning! Duration of hangover is proportionate to age!"</p>
</div>
</div> </div>
<div class="pagination"> <div class="pagination">
<div class="pagination__buttons"> <div class="pagination__buttons">
@ -468,7 +483,7 @@ Squeaking the old well known phrase<br />
<div class="footer__inner"> <div class="footer__inner">
<div class="copyright"> <div class="copyright">
<span>© <span>©
2024 2025
Paul Wilde</span> Paul Wilde</span>
<span class="copyright-theme"> <span class="copyright-theme">
<span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span> <span class="copyright-theme-sep">:: </span>

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@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
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<h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/joining-debian-to-ad-domain/">Joining Debian Linux (Desktop) to an Active Directory Domain</a></h1>
<div class="post-meta-inline">
<span class="post-date">
2025-01-09
</span>
</div>
<span class="post-tags-inline">
:: tags:&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/linux/">#linux</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/sysadmin/">#sysadmin</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/tech/">#tech</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/using-linux-in-a-windows-domain/">#using linux in a windows domain</a></span>
<div class="post-content">
<p>I've come across many articles about how to join a linux system to a Microsoft
Active Directory domain and they all work more or less with some tweaking. This is
my article, here describing my own processes for doing it, trying to explain each
bit as it comes.</p>
<p>Part of a <a href="/tags/using_linux_in_a_windows_domain">"Using Linux in a Windows Domain"</a> group of posts.<br />
This article is for desktop Debian Linux - for setting up a PC so it can be used by a standard user of the PC.</p>
<span id="continue-reading"></span><h2 id="basics">Basics</h2>
<p>I'll be running through the process I use for joining Debian Linux as a desktop to Active Directory. The steps should be fairly generic as they use packages available in most distributions, so adapt to your distro as required.<br />
This follows <a href="https://www.pierreblazquez.com/2024/02/04/how-to-join-debian-12-to-an-active-directory-domain/">this article</a> quite closely, with some changes.</p>
<p>I use <code>neovim</code> as an editor, aliases to <code>vim</code>. If you use another editor then replace <code>vim</code> with your editor i.e. <code>nano</code> in all cases.</p>
<h2 id="required-packages">Required Packages</h2>
<p>First things first we need the right packages installed. This can be done by the following command:</p>
<pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;"># apt install realmd sssd samba-common krb5-user adcli libsss-sudo sssd-tools libsasl2-modules-ldap packagekit libpam-mount
</span></code></pre>
<ul>
<li><code>sssd</code> is a set of services and tools to manage the connection to the domain.</li>
<li><code>pam</code> handles general user authentication, and creation of mounts for network shares etc.</li>
<li><code>realmd</code> is a tool providing a simple way to discover and join domains.</li>
<li><code>krb5</code> is a kerberos (authentication token) handler amongst other things.</li>
<li>The other packages like <code>*-ldap</code>, <code>adcli</code> are further tools use for domain administration.</li>
</ul>
<p>For the most part, when we say <code>realm</code> we mean your windows "domain name". We'll be using <strong>YOURDOMAIN.LOCAL</strong> as an example.</p>
<h2 id="joining-the-domain">Joining the Domain</h2>
<p>This is at its simplest a case of configuring basic <code>krb5</code> and using <code>realm join</code> to actually join the domain.</p>
<h3 id="configuring-krb5">Configuring krb5</h3>
<p>Edit the <code>krb5.conf</code> file to set the default realm:</p>
<pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="color:#82aaff;">vim /etc/krb5.conf
</span></code></pre>
<pre data-lang="conf" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-conf "><code class="language-conf" data-lang="conf"><span style="font-style:italic;color:#c792ea;">[libdefaults]
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">default_realm </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">YOURDOMAIN</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">.</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">LOCAL </span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;"># Should be in CAPS
</span></code></pre>
<p>This will allow the krb5 client to identified the default realm. If you don't set this, then a realm will need to be specified with every kerberos request i.e. with <code>kinit</code>.</p>
<h3 id="realm-join">Realm Join</h3>
<p>Realmd handles a massive amount of the work here. It used to be we had to manage a lot of this configuration ourselves, but realm now does a lot of it for us.</p>
<p>You can discover information about the local domain by issuing the below command</p>
<pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="color:#82aaff;">realm discover
</span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;"># or
</span><span style="color:#82aaff;">realm discover YOURDOMAIN.LOCAL
</span></code></pre>
<p>If all looks good you can join it</p>
<pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="color:#82aaff;">realm join</span><span style="color:#89ddff;"> --</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">user</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">={</span><span style="color:#82aaff;">your administrator account</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">}</span><span style="color:#82aaff;"> YOURDOMAIN.LOCAL
</span></code></pre>
<p>And to check everything is OK</p>
<pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="color:#82aaff;">realm list
</span></code></pre>
<p>which should output something like</p>
<pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="color:#82aaff;">yourdomain.local
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#82aaff;">type: kerberos
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#82aaff;">realm-name: YOURDOMAIN.LOCAL
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#82aaff;">domain-name: yourdomain.local
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#82aaff;">configured: kerberos-member
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#82aaff;">server-software: active-directory
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#82aaff;">client-software: sssd
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#82aaff;">required-package: sssd-tools
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#82aaff;">required-package: sssd
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#82aaff;">required-package: libnss-sss
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#82aaff;">required-package: libpam-sss
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#82aaff;">required-package: adcli
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#82aaff;">required-package: samba-common-bin
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#82aaff;">login-formats: </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">%</span><span>U</span><span style="color:#82aaff;">@yourdomain.local
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#82aaff;">login-policy: allow-realm-logins
</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="testing-connection">Testing Connection</h3>
<p>Technically now the computer is joined to the domain and can authenticate. You can test with:</p>
<pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="color:#82aaff;">kinit </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">{</span><span style="color:#82aaff;">domain user</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">} </span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;"># will authenticate as that user
</span><span style="color:#82aaff;">klist </span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;"># to show the kerberos token validity
</span><span style="color:#82aaff;">kdestroy </span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;"># deauthenticate as that user
</span></code></pre>
<p>Or, of course, log out and back in as a domain user account.</p>
<h3 id="tuning-sssd">Tuning SSSD</h3>
<p>Open up your <code>/etc/sssd/sssd.conf</code> file and make a few tweaks</p>
<pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="color:#82aaff;">vim /etc/sssd/sssd.conf
</span></code></pre>
<p>Most of this will already be completed in your file as realmd handled it. But check over
it anyway.</p>
<pre data-lang="conf" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-conf "><code class="language-conf" data-lang="conf"><span style="font-style:italic;color:#c792ea;">[sssd]
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">domains </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">=</span><span> yourdomain</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">.</span><span>local
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">config_file_version </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">2
</span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;">#services = nss, pam # commented out as these are socket units which are dynamically handled by systemd
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">implicit_pac_responder </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">false </span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;"># having set to true allegedly crashed some SSSD services. It&#39;s not essential.
</span><span>
</span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#c792ea;">[domain/yourdomain.local]
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">access_provider </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">=</span><span> ad
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">id_provider </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">=</span><span> ad
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">default_shell </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= /</span><span>bin</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">/</span><span>bash
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">krb5_store_password_if_offline </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">True
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">cache_credentials </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">True
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">krb5_realm </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">YOURDOMAIN</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">.</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">LOCAL
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">krb5_ccachedir </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= /</span><span>tmp
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">krb5_ccname_template </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">FILE</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">:</span><span>%d</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">/.</span><span>krb5cc_%U
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">full_name_format </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= </span><span>%1$s
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">realmd_tags </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">=</span><span> manages</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">-</span><span>system joined</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">-</span><span>with</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">-</span><span>adcli
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">fallback_homedir </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= /</span><span>home</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">/</span><span>%u@%d
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">override_homedir </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= /</span><span>home</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">/</span><span>%u@%d
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">ad_domain </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">=</span><span> yourdomain</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">.</span><span>local
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">use_fully_qualified_names </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">False
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">ldap_id_mapping </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">True
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">dydns_update </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">False
</span><span>
</span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;"># This next one was a real fix for me. I had some issues where a Group Policy was unreadable which crashed SSSD and prevented the user from logging in. Windows would silently ignore it, so never an issue. I like the fact it was highlighted to me, but is not ideal for a production machine where people need to log in. So we ignore unreadable GPOs.
</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">ad_gpo_ignore_unreadable </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">True
</span></code></pre>
<p>Now update the PAM modules</p>
<pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="color:#82aaff;">pam-auth-update
</span></code></pre>
<p>and make sure to check <code>[*] Create home directory on login</code> is enabled.<br />
This will allow the system to validate the user again the domain, create the user's home directory and mount the user's network shares if set.</p>
<h3 id="sudo">Sudo</h3>
<p>There's a chance you may want domain administrators to have sudo privileges. This can be done by adding the following line to <code>/etc/sudoers</code></p>
<pre data-lang="conf" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-conf "><code class="language-conf" data-lang="conf"><span>%domainadmins </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">ALL</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">=</span><span>(</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">ALL</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">:</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">ALL</span><span>) </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">ALL
</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="samba">Samba</h3>
<p>Having Samba configured also helps streamline connectivity to network shares.</p>
<pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="color:#82aaff;">vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
</span></code></pre>
<pre data-lang="conf" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-conf "><code class="language-conf" data-lang="conf"><span style="font-style:italic;color:#c792ea;">[global]
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">workgroup </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">=</span><span> yourdomain</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">.</span><span>local
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">realm </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">YOURDOMAIN</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">.</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">LOCAL
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">encrypt </span><span>passwords </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">= </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">yes
</span><span> </span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">client </span><span>protection </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">=</span><span> encrypt
</span></code></pre>
<p>There are a couple of further notes regarding GVFS and automatically mounting network shares in <a href="https://www.pierreblazquez.com/2024/02/04/how-to-join-debian-12-to-an-active-directory-domain/">the article mentioned at the start</a>, if you need those things in place I recommend checking through that article as well.</p>
<h2 id="testing">Testing.</h2>
<p>We should be good to go. Let's run some tests.</p>
<h3 id="are-services-running">Are services running?</h3>
<pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="color:#82aaff;">systemctl status
</span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;"># If the state is `degraded` you can see failed services by running this command
</span><span style="color:#82aaff;">systemctl list-units</span><span style="color:#89ddff;"> --</span><span style="color:#f78c6c;">failed
</span></code></pre>
<p>I experienced some issues with SSSD failing due to unreadable GPOs mentioned above. I discovered SSSD crashed when trying to log in, and adding the SSSD option to ignore unreadable GPOs fixed it.</p>
<h2 id="login">Login</h2>
<p>Great! We're here. Now we can log in.
Either log in using the desktop login screen, or from a terminal enter:</p>
<pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="color:#82aaff;">login </span><span style="color:#89ddff;">{</span><span style="color:#82aaff;">user name</span><span style="color:#89ddff;">}
</span></code></pre>
<p>to log in as that user. The home directory should be created during login and everything is ready to go.</p>
<h2 id="automatically-mounting-shared-folders">Automatically Mounting Shared Folders</h2>
<p>You can edit <code>/etc/security/pam_mount.conf.xml</code> to enable automatic mounting of shared folders at login. I have had mixed success with this, but I'll put it here anyway:</p>
<pre data-lang="xml" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-xml "><code class="language-xml" data-lang="xml"><span>...prefilled content...
</span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;">&lt;!-- this should go somewhere before the `&lt;mkmountpoint ... &gt;` block.
</span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;"> &lt;volume
</span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;"> fstype=&quot;cifs&quot;
</span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;"> sgrp=&quot;domain users&quot;
</span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;"> server=&quot;yourserver.yourdomain.local&quot;
</span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;"> path=&quot;share&quot;
</span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;"> mountpoint=&quot;~/Network Drives/Share&quot;
</span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;"> options=&quot;vers=3.0,sec=krb5i,cruid=%(USERUID),nodev,nosuid,noexec,rw&quot;
</span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;"> /&gt;
</span><span style="font-style:italic;color:#4a4a4a;">...prefilled content...
</span></code></pre>
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<pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#c792ea;">SELECT</span><span> haiku </span><span style="color:#c792ea;">FROM
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<p>'Twas the morning after the morning after the fortieth<br />
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@ -404,58 +473,6 @@ your dough will, hopefully, have risen enormously. You can now use it.
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<h1 class="post-title"><a href="https://paulwilde.uk/ponderings/robots-aint-hacking/">Accused of Hacking</a></h1>
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2025-01-06
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:: tags:&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/cyber-security/">#cyber security</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/privacy/">#privacy</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/rant/">#rant</a>&nbsp;
<a class="post-tag" href="https://paulwilde.uk/tags/robots-txt/">#robots.txt</a>&nbsp;
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<p>About 5 years years ago, during a security sweep of a new "app" a
client had started using, I discovered the hosting company's website
had a robots.txt giving the paths of many pages on their website containing
sensitive information.<br />
The whole thing is starting to snowball, so this is my statement.</p>
<span id="continue-reading"></span><h3 id="the-app">The "App"</h3>
<p>For those that don't know me, I am an IT Professional, providing IT consultancy
services to businesses around my local area of Devon, UK.<br />
I'm generally met with people who are happy to see me and trust my advice.
Sometimes though that is not the case.</p>
<p>My client in question is a medium sized business in Devon. They employ
approximately 70-100 staffmembers and have been in operation for over 60 years.<br />
They are a well known local business.<br />
Due to running a business this size, they naturally have outsourced some
workloads to third-parties, specifically for this case, Health and Safety. They
use the services of a Chartered Health and Safety Consultancy used by many other local businesses.<br />
For whatever reason, this H&amp;S company had decided they could make "apps" for their
clients to assist with entering H&amp;S information amongst other things. Seems like a good idea, sure... but...</p>
<p>...These "apps" are not apps at all, they are in fact simple html index pages linking to various Jotform Forms, Google Sheets, etc. These html index pages are, for the most part, <em>unauthenticated</em>. This means anybody who knows the link to that page can access those forms and spreadsheets.</p>
<p>As an example, if a random passer by on the internet was to go to a URL like <code>https://thecompanyswebsite.com/someothercompany_portal.html</code> they would be shown a list of links
to various Health and Safety, Vehicle checks, holiday request forms, etc. All of which could be filled out without having to prove who they are.</p>
<h3 id="why-is-this-bad">Why is this bad?</h3>
<p>OK, well maybe that doesn't look so bad. I mean, you'd have to know what the path of the page is (the <code>someothercompany_portal.html</code> bit) right? Well, yes, you would but that
should never be a defense, ever. Even if a URL is difficult to guess (it's not), it does not mean it's impossible.</p>
<h3 id="robots-txt">Robots.txt</h3>
<p>Yep, the portal URL may be difficult to guess (they're not), and if it was just that alone things may be OK.<br />
But...<br />
This Health and Safety Company also had to good sense not to let search engines index
those portal pages. We don't want people's sensitive information being indexed by Google do we! Very Good.</p>
<p>Ah...</p>
<p>The robots.txt looks something like this:
<img src="/images/robotstxt.png" alt="A robots.txt file, showing many lines of portal URL addresses" /><br />
There's about 510 lines like that.<br />
(You'll notice I have taken the care to pixelise out the paths. I appreciate
pixalisation can be undone, but due to the fact you'd need to know the base URL
for this to work, and if you had the base URL, you'd have the full robots.txt file
anyway, I feel no further actions on my part need to be taken here.)</p>
<p>For the uninitiated, this robots.txt means that Google, Bing, DuckDuckGo, etc. will never try to index any content on any of those paths. However, this does <em>absolutely nothing</em> to stop
a badly behaved or malicious webcrawler/bot - In fact, this file will act as a lovely index to tell that webcrawler/bot exactly what pages you <em>don't</em> want it to see.</p>
<h3 id="privacy">Privacy</h3>
<p>Once again, on face value this just looks like someone will gain access to fill out forms and be a nuisance to the client business. However, on further investigation I
have discovered that some of these URLs contain plaintext information such as
names, email addresses, and telephone numbers of staff members.
In one particularely negligent case (which I only found today), names of parents and their children, including dates of birth, telephone numbers, email addresses of the parent <em>plus</em> their signatures <em>and</em> names, email addresses, telephones numbers and signatures of that child's sporting coach.</p>
<p>That last case is extreme, but it's there, in plain sight, for anyone who happens
to find the right base URL and path of that particular case.</p>
<p>In short, This. Is. Negligent.</p>
<h3 id="what-i-have-done-so-far">What I have done so far</h3>
<p>As I say, I first noticed this about 5 years ago, and immediately informed my client, and
the Health and Safety company involved about it. I ended up being invited to a meeting with them all, and explained my findings and told them these pages should, at the very least, be behind some kind of authentication. From this they decided they would put in
some authentication - but only as groups, i.e. office@clientem.ail, warehouse@clientem.ail etc. and not per user.<br />
Shocking. But at least it was something.<br />
Although... it isn't something... they only did it for my client, so perhaps they just
wanted to shut me up. I don't know. But other paths remained without authentication.<br />
As time went on, new "apps" for my client appeared (once again without authentication) and so I warned my client about it again, and again, and again.<br />
Over the last week this has reared it's ugly head again. I once again provided warning to my client with reasons why.<br />
Humourously, my client forwarded my email to the Health and Safety company and their response to it went like the below:</p>
<pre data-lang="txt" style="background-color:#212121;color:#eeffff;" class="language-txt "><code class="language-txt" data-lang="txt"><span>We are in the process of modifying our own internal app and it is not normally
</span><span>publicly available, and has now been returned to password protection. To of
</span><span>found the URL for our own internal app would of taken more than bad acting,
</span><span>and probably more aligned with IT guru / junior hacker.
</span></code></pre>
<p>"Not normally publicy available"?! Well, I've seen it publicly available for 5 years.
"To have found the URL for our own interal app ... hacker"!? Erm... no. I've proved already this can be found by anyone just looking around, no hacking required (well, no authentication required, so nothing to hack).</p>
<h3 id="my-actions">My Actions</h3>
<p>OK, they haven't "accused" me of hacking, but it's close.</p>
<p>I have not dignified that email with a response. But, I have reported the Health and Safety company to the <a href="https://ico.org.uk/">ICO</a>, providing links to the robots.txt page
and the direct URL of the page containing parents and child information mentioned above. I'll let them deal with it from here.<br />
However, as the term "hacker" has been used, and I am <em>very</em> aware of <a href="https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2021/10/viewing-website-html-code-is-not-illegal-or-hacking-prof-tells-missouri-gov/">court cases that have happened</a> where a good samaritan trying to help protect people, has instead been victimised and made out to be the "malcious hacker"
because people simply do not understand how the internet works.</p>
<p>So, in the fear something like that could happen to me, this article is my statement.
I ask anyone actively involved in System Administration, Cyber Security, Data Protection, etc. to please get involved and share this article.<br />
If you like, you can join in on <a href="https://notnull.space/@paul/statuses/01JGYD9TM2QMDKEP55495DK0GH">this Fediverse/Mastodon thread</a> too.</p>
<p>Thank you for reading. I'm a bad writer and I don't write much, but I really needed to vent this, and put it somewhere for all to see.</p>
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