diff --git a/.drone.yml b/.drone.yml index f6c0108..053e019 100644 --- a/.drone.yml +++ b/.drone.yml @@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ services: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: test MYSQL_DATABASE: test +clone: + skip_verify: true + steps: - name: build image: alpine:3.9 @@ -36,6 +39,9 @@ services: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: test MYSQL_DATABASE: test +clone: + skip_verify: true + steps: - name: build image: alpine:3.10 @@ -58,6 +64,9 @@ services: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: test MYSQL_DATABASE: test +clone: + skip_verify: true + steps: - name: build image: alpine:3.13 @@ -68,9 +77,14 @@ steps: kind: pipeline name: documentation +clone: + skip_verify: true + steps: - name: build - image: plugins/docker + #image: plugins/docker + # Temporary work-around for https://github.com/drone-plugins/drone-docker/pull/327 + image: techknowlogick/drone-docker settings: username: from_secret: docker_username @@ -80,5 +94,7 @@ steps: dockerfile: docs/Dockerfile trigger: + repo: + - borgmatic-collective/borgmatic branch: - master diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS index 80b8b4b..2d7db02 100644 --- a/NEWS +++ b/NEWS @@ -1,6 +1,30 @@ -1.5.16.dev0 +1.5.21.dev0 + * Add support for old version (2.x) of jsonschema library. + +1.5.20 + * Re-release with correct version without dev0 tag. + +1.5.19 + * #387: Fix error when configured source directories are not present on the filesystem at the time + of backup. Now, Borg will complain, but the backup will still continue. + * #455: Mention changing borgmatic path in cron documentation. + * Update sample systemd service file with more granular read-only filesystem settings. + * Move Gitea and GitHub hosting from a personal namespace to an organization for better + collaboration with related projects. + * 1k ★s on GitHub! + +1.5.18 + * #389: Fix "message too long" error when logging to rsyslog. + * #440: Fix traceback that can occur when dumping a database. + +1.5.17 + * #437: Fix error when configuration file contains "umask" option. + * Remove test dependency on vim and /dev/urandom. + +1.5.16 * #379: Suppress console output in sample crontab and systemd service files. * #407: Fix syslog logging on FreeBSD. + * #430: Fix hang when restoring a PostgreSQL "tar" format database dump. * Better error messages! Switch the library used for validating configuration files (from pykwalify to jsonschema). * Link borgmatic Ansible role from installation documentation: @@ -559,7 +583,7 @@ * #49: Support for Borg experimental --patterns-from and --patterns options for specifying mixed includes/excludes. * Moved issue tracker from Taiga to integrated Gitea tracker at - https://projects.torsion.org/witten/borgmatic/issues + https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/issues 1.1.12 * #46: Declare dependency on pykwalify 1.6 or above, as older versions yield "Unknown key: version" diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 5d1a79e..3463c29 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ development or hosting. ### Issues You've got issues? Or an idea for a feature enhancement? We've got an [issue -tracker](https://projects.torsion.org/witten/borgmatic/issues). In order to +tracker](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/issues). In order to create a new issue or comment on an issue, you'll need to [login first](https://projects.torsion.org/user/login). Note that you can login with an existing GitHub account if you prefer. @@ -129,15 +129,15 @@ Other questions or comments? Contact ### Contributing borgmatic [source code is -available](https://projects.torsion.org/witten/borgmatic) and is also mirrored -on [GitHub](https://github.com/witten/borgmatic) for convenience. +available](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic) and is also mirrored +on [GitHub](https://github.com/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic) for convenience. borgmatic is licensed under the GNU General Public License version 3 or any later version. If you'd like to contribute to borgmatic development, please feel free to -submit a [Pull Request](https://projects.torsion.org/witten/borgmatic/pulls) -or open an [issue](https://projects.torsion.org/witten/borgmatic/issues) first +submit a [Pull Request](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/pulls) +or open an [issue](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/issues) first to discuss your idea. We also accept Pull Requests on GitHub, if that's more your thing. In general, contributions are very welcome. We don't bite! @@ -145,5 +145,5 @@ Also, please check out the [borgmatic development how-to](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic/) for info on cloning source code, running tests, etc. -![Build Status](https://build.torsion.org/api/badges/witten/borgmatic/status.svg?ref=refs/heads/master) +![Build Status](https://build.torsion.org/api/badges/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/status.svg?ref=refs/heads/master) diff --git a/SECURITY.md b/SECURITY.md index 81a633e..d82b6f3 100644 --- a/SECURITY.md +++ b/SECURITY.md @@ -6,14 +6,13 @@ permalink: security-policy/index.html ## Supported versions While we want to hear about security vulnerabilities in all versions of -borgmatic, security fixes will only be made to the most recently released -version. It's not practical for our small volunteer effort to maintain -multiple different release branches and put out separate security patches for -each. +borgmatic, security fixes are only made to the most recently released version. +It's simply not practical for our small volunteer effort to maintain multiple +release branches and put out separate security patches for each. ## Reporting a vulnerability If you find a security vulnerability, please [file a ticket](https://torsion.org/borgmatic/#issues) or [send email directly](mailto:witten@torsion.org) as appropriate. You should expect to hear -back within a few days at most, and generally sooner. +back within a few days at most and generally sooner. diff --git a/borgmatic/borg/create.py b/borgmatic/borg/create.py index a9aa222..6b02c87 100644 --- a/borgmatic/borg/create.py +++ b/borgmatic/borg/create.py @@ -44,13 +44,18 @@ def _expand_home_directories(directories): return tuple(os.path.expanduser(directory) for directory in directories) -def map_directories_to_devices(directories): # pragma: no cover +def map_directories_to_devices(directories): ''' Given a sequence of directories, return a map from directory to an identifier for the device on - which that directory resides. This is handy for determining whether two different directories - are on the same filesystem (have the same device identifier). + which that directory resides or None if the path doesn't exist. + + This is handy for determining whether two different directories are on the same filesystem (have + the same device identifier). ''' - return {directory: os.stat(directory).st_dev for directory in directories} + return { + directory: os.stat(directory).st_dev if os.path.exists(directory) else None + for directory in directories + } def deduplicate_directories(directory_devices): @@ -82,6 +87,7 @@ def deduplicate_directories(directory_devices): for parent in parents: if ( pathlib.PurePath(other_directory) == parent + and directory_devices[directory] is not None and directory_devices[other_directory] == directory_devices[directory] ): if directory in deduplicated: diff --git a/borgmatic/config/schema.yaml b/borgmatic/config/schema.yaml index fc043f2..b30ae0c 100644 --- a/borgmatic/config/schema.yaml +++ b/borgmatic/config/schema.yaml @@ -135,12 +135,14 @@ properties: type: string description: | Any paths matching these patterns are excluded from backups. - Globs and tildes are expanded. Do not backslash spaces in - path names. See the output of "borg help patterns" for more - details. + Globs and tildes are expanded. (Note however that a glob + pattern must either start with a glob or be an absolute + path.) Do not backslash spaces in path names. See the output + of "borg help patterns" for more details. example: - '*.pyc' - /home/*/.cache + - '*/.vim*.tmp' - /etc/ssl - /home/user/path with spaces exclude_from: @@ -298,7 +300,7 @@ properties: $borg_base_directory/.config/borg/keys example: /path/to/base/config/keys umask: - type: string + type: integer description: Umask to be used for borg create. Defaults to 0077. example: 0077 lock_wait: @@ -639,7 +641,7 @@ properties: Password with which to connect to the database. Omitting a password will only work if PostgreSQL is configured to trust the configured username - without a password, or you create a ~/.pgpass + without a password or you create a ~/.pgpass file. example: trustsome1 format: @@ -793,7 +795,7 @@ properties: example: https://cronhub.io/start/1f5e3410-254c-11e8-b61d-55875966d01 umask: - type: scalar + type: integer description: | Umask used when executing hooks. Defaults to the umask that borgmatic is run with. diff --git a/borgmatic/config/validate.py b/borgmatic/config/validate.py index 5658c1b..7d41151 100644 --- a/borgmatic/config/validate.py +++ b/borgmatic/config/validate.py @@ -110,7 +110,10 @@ def parse_configuration(config_filename, schema_filename, overrides=None): override.apply_overrides(config, overrides) normalize.normalize(config) - validator = jsonschema.Draft7Validator(schema) + try: + validator = jsonschema.Draft7Validator(schema) + except AttributeError: + validator = jsonschema.Draft4Validator(schema) validation_errors = tuple(validator.iter_errors(config)) if validation_errors: diff --git a/borgmatic/execute.py b/borgmatic/execute.py index 95a8f6c..a6741c9 100644 --- a/borgmatic/execute.py +++ b/borgmatic/execute.py @@ -59,11 +59,12 @@ def log_outputs(processes, exclude_stdouts, output_log_level, borg_local_path): ''' # Map from output buffer to sequence of last lines. buffer_last_lines = collections.defaultdict(list) - output_buffers = [ - output_buffer_for_process(process, exclude_stdouts) + process_for_output_buffer = { + output_buffer_for_process(process, exclude_stdouts): process for process in processes if process.stdout or process.stderr - ] + } + output_buffers = list(process_for_output_buffer.keys()) # Log output for each process until they all exit. while True: @@ -71,8 +72,23 @@ def log_outputs(processes, exclude_stdouts, output_log_level, borg_local_path): (ready_buffers, _, _) = select.select(output_buffers, [], []) for ready_buffer in ready_buffers: + ready_process = process_for_output_buffer.get(ready_buffer) + + # The "ready" process has exited, but it might be a pipe destination with other + # processes (pipe sources) waiting to be read from. So as a measure to prevent + # hangs, vent all processes when one exits. + if ready_process and ready_process.poll() is not None: + for other_process in processes: + if ( + other_process.poll() is None + and other_process.stdout + and other_process.stdout not in output_buffers + ): + # Add the process's output to output_buffers to ensure it'll get read. + output_buffers.append(other_process.stdout) + line = ready_buffer.readline().rstrip().decode() - if not line: + if not line or not ready_process: continue # Keep the last few lines of output in case the process errors, and we need the output for @@ -123,9 +139,12 @@ def log_outputs(processes, exclude_stdouts, output_log_level, borg_local_path): if not output_buffer: continue - remaining_output = output_buffer.read().rstrip().decode() + while True: # pragma: no cover + remaining_output = output_buffer.readline().rstrip().decode() + + if not remaining_output: + break - if remaining_output: # pragma: no cover logger.log(output_log_level, remaining_output) diff --git a/docs/_includes/components/suggestion-link.html b/docs/_includes/components/suggestion-link.html index 20fc4fc..2c2d142 100644 --- a/docs/_includes/components/suggestion-link.html +++ b/docs/_includes/components/suggestion-link.html @@ -1,17 +1,5 @@

Improve this documentation

Have an idea on how to make this documentation even better? Use our issue tracker to send your +href="https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/issues">issue tracker to send your feedback!

- - - - diff --git a/docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic.md b/docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic.md index dc0327b..865f0d4 100644 --- a/docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic.md +++ b/docs/how-to/develop-on-borgmatic.md @@ -10,17 +10,17 @@ eleventyNavigation: To get set up to hack on borgmatic, first clone master via HTTPS or SSH: ```bash -git clone https://projects.torsion.org/witten/borgmatic.git +git clone https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic.git ``` Or: ```bash -git clone ssh://git@projects.torsion.org:3022/witten/borgmatic.git +git clone ssh://git@projects.torsion.org:3022/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic.git ``` Then, install borgmatic -"[editable](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/#editable-installs)" +"[editable](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/cli/pip_install/#editable-installs)" so that you can run borgmatic commands while you're hacking on them to make sure your changes work. @@ -66,8 +66,6 @@ following: tox -e black ``` -Note that Black requires at minimum Python 3.6. - And if you get a complaint from the [isort](https://github.com/timothycrosley/isort) Python import orderer, you can ask isort to order your imports for you: @@ -118,7 +116,7 @@ See the Black, Flake8, and isort documentation for more information. Each pull request triggers a continuous integration build which runs the test suite. You can view these builds on -[build.torsion.org](https://build.torsion.org/witten/borgmatic), and they're +[build.torsion.org](https://build.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic), and they're also linked from the commits list on each pull request. ## Documentation development diff --git a/docs/how-to/set-up-backups.md b/docs/how-to/set-up-backups.md index 0db1e68..b8b860e 100644 --- a/docs/how-to/set-up-backups.md +++ b/docs/how-to/set-up-backups.md @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ sudo pip3 install --user --upgrade borgmatic This installs borgmatic and its commands at the `/root/.local/bin` path. Your pip binary may have a different name than "pip3". Make sure you're using -Python 3, as borgmatic does not support Python 2. +Python 3.6+, as borgmatic does not support Python 2. The next step is to ensure that borgmatic's commands available are on your system `PATH`, so that you can run borgmatic: @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ on a relatively dedicated system, then a global install can work out fine. Besides the approaches described above, there are several other options for installing borgmatic: - * [Docker image with scheduled backups](https://hub.docker.com/r/b3vis/borgmatic/) + * [Docker image with scheduled backups](https://hub.docker.com/r/b3vis/borgmatic/) (+ Docker Compose files) * [Docker base image](https://hub.docker.com/r/monachus/borgmatic/) * [Debian](https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/borgmatic) * [Ubuntu](https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/borgmatic) @@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ that, you can configure a separate job runner to invoke it periodically. ### cron If you're using cron, download the [sample cron -file](https://projects.torsion.org/witten/borgmatic/src/master/sample/cron/borgmatic). +file](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/src/master/sample/cron/borgmatic). Then, from the directory where you downloaded it: ```bash @@ -258,7 +258,10 @@ sudo mv borgmatic /etc/cron.d/borgmatic sudo chmod +x /etc/cron.d/borgmatic ``` -You can modify the cron file if you'd like to run borgmatic more or less frequently. +If borgmatic is installed at a different location than +`/root/.local/bin/borgmatic`, edit the cron file with the correct path. You +can also modify the cron file if you'd like to run borgmatic more or less +frequently. ### systemd @@ -271,9 +274,9 @@ you may already have borgmatic systemd service and timer files. If so, you may be able to skip some of the steps below.) First, download the [sample systemd service -file](https://projects.torsion.org/witten/borgmatic/raw/branch/master/sample/systemd/borgmatic.service) +file](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/raw/branch/master/sample/systemd/borgmatic.service) and the [sample systemd timer -file](https://projects.torsion.org/witten/borgmatic/raw/branch/master/sample/systemd/borgmatic.timer). +file](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/raw/branch/master/sample/systemd/borgmatic.timer). Then, from the directory where you downloaded them: @@ -294,7 +297,7 @@ borgmatic to run. If you run borgmatic in macOS with launchd, you may encounter permissions issues when reading files to backup. If that happens to you, you may be interested in an [unofficial work-around for Full Disk -Access](https://projects.torsion.org/witten/borgmatic/issues/293). +Access](https://projects.torsion.org/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/issues/293). ## Colored output diff --git a/sample/systemd/borgmatic.service b/sample/systemd/borgmatic.service index 4fc8895..d025785 100644 --- a/sample/systemd/borgmatic.service +++ b/sample/systemd/borgmatic.service @@ -32,13 +32,16 @@ RestrictSUIDSGID=yes SystemCallArchitectures=native SystemCallFilter=@system-service SystemCallErrorNumber=EPERM -# Restrict write access -# Change to 'ProtectSystem=strict' and uncomment 'ProtectHome' to make the whole file -# system read-only be default and uncomment 'ReadWritePaths' for the required write access. -# Add local repositroy paths to the list of 'ReadWritePaths' like '-/mnt/my_backup_drive'. +# To restrict write access further, change "ProtectSystem" to "strict" and uncomment +# "ReadWritePaths", "ReadOnlyPaths", "ProtectHome", and "BindPaths". Then add any local repository +# paths to the list of "ReadWritePaths" and local backup source paths to "ReadOnlyPaths". This +# leaves most of the filesystem read-only to borgmatic. ProtectSystem=full -# ProtectHome=read-only -# ReadWritePaths=-/root/.config/borg -/root/.cache/borg -/root/.borgmatic +# ReadWritePaths=-/mnt/my_backup_drive +# ReadOnlyPaths=-/var/lib/my_backup_source +# This will mount a tmpfs on top of /root and pass through needed paths +# ProtectHome=tmpfs +# BindPaths=-/root/.cache/borg -/root/.cache/borg -/root/.borgmatic CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH CAP_NET_RAW diff --git a/scripts/release b/scripts/release index f728390..b901047 100755 --- a/scripts/release +++ b/scripts/release @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ twine upload -r pypi dist/borgmatic-*-py3-none-any.whl dist/borgmatic-*-py3-none release_changelog="$(cat NEWS | sed '/^$/q' | grep -v '^\S')" escaped_release_changelog="$(echo "$release_changelog" | sed -z 's/\n/\\n/g' | sed -z 's/\"/\\"/g')" curl --silent --request POST \ - "https://projects.torsion.org/api/v1/repos/witten/borgmatic/releases" \ + "https://projects.torsion.org/api/v1/repos/borgmatic-collective/borgmatic/releases" \ --header "Authorization: token $projects_token" \ --header "Accept: application/json" \ --header "Content-Type: application/json" \ diff --git a/scripts/run-full-tests b/scripts/run-full-tests index ca2f5a7..47e4f5f 100755 --- a/scripts/run-full-tests +++ b/scripts/run-full-tests @@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ set -e apk add --no-cache python3 py3-pip borgbackup postgresql-client mariadb-client # If certain dependencies of black are available in this version of Alpine, install them. apk add --no-cache py3-typed-ast py3-regex || true -python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip==20.2.4 setuptools==50.3.2 -pip3 install tox==3.20.1 +python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip==21.3.1 setuptools==58.2.0 +pip3 install tox==3.24.4 export COVERAGE_FILE=/tmp/.coverage tox --workdir /tmp/.tox --sitepackages tox --workdir /tmp/.tox --sitepackages -e end-to-end diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py index ebc47fd..11a83f1 100644 --- a/setup.py +++ b/setup.py @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ from setuptools import find_packages, setup -VERSION = '1.5.16.dev0' +VERSION = '1.5.21.dev0' setup( diff --git a/tests/integration/test_execute.py b/tests/integration/test_execute.py index 490e3ab..51aa5f4 100644 --- a/tests/integration/test_execute.py +++ b/tests/integration/test_execute.py @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ import logging import subprocess +import sys import pytest from flexmock import flexmock @@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ def test_log_outputs_kills_other_processes_when_one_errors(): process, 2, 'borg' ).and_return(True) other_process = subprocess.Popen( - ['watch', 'true'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT + ['sleep', '2'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT ) flexmock(module).should_receive('exit_code_indicates_error').with_args( other_process, None, 'borg' @@ -123,6 +124,75 @@ def test_log_outputs_kills_other_processes_when_one_errors(): assert error.value.output +def test_log_outputs_vents_other_processes_when_one_exits(): + ''' + Execute a command to generate a longish random string and pipe it into another command that + exits quickly. The test is basically to ensure we don't hang forever waiting for the exited + process to read the pipe, and that the string-generating process eventually gets vented and + exits. + ''' + flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log') + flexmock(module).should_receive('command_for_process').and_return('grep') + + process = subprocess.Popen( + [ + sys.executable, + '-c', + "import random, string; print(''.join(random.choice(string.ascii_letters) for _ in range(40000)))", + ], + stdout=subprocess.PIPE, + stderr=subprocess.PIPE, + ) + other_process = subprocess.Popen( + ['true'], stdin=process.stdout, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT + ) + flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args( + process, (process.stdout,) + ).and_return(process.stderr) + flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args( + other_process, (process.stdout,) + ).and_return(other_process.stdout) + flexmock(process.stdout).should_call('readline').at_least().once() + + module.log_outputs( + (process, other_process), + exclude_stdouts=(process.stdout,), + output_log_level=logging.INFO, + borg_local_path='borg', + ) + + +def test_log_outputs_does_not_error_when_one_process_exits(): + flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log') + flexmock(module).should_receive('command_for_process').and_return('grep') + + process = subprocess.Popen( + [ + sys.executable, + '-c', + "import random, string; print(''.join(random.choice(string.ascii_letters) for _ in range(40000)))", + ], + stdout=None, # Specifically test the case of a process without stdout captured. + stderr=None, + ) + other_process = subprocess.Popen( + ['true'], stdin=process.stdout, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT + ) + flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args( + process, (process.stdout,) + ).and_return(process.stderr) + flexmock(module).should_receive('output_buffer_for_process').with_args( + other_process, (process.stdout,) + ).and_return(other_process.stdout) + + module.log_outputs( + (process, other_process), + exclude_stdouts=(process.stdout,), + output_log_level=logging.INFO, + borg_local_path='borg', + ) + + def test_log_outputs_truncates_long_error_output(): flexmock(module).ERROR_OUTPUT_MAX_LINE_COUNT = 0 flexmock(module.logger).should_receive('log') diff --git a/tests/unit/borg/test_create.py b/tests/unit/borg/test_create.py index cc56881..99f2910 100644 --- a/tests/unit/borg/test_create.py +++ b/tests/unit/borg/test_create.py @@ -60,6 +60,30 @@ def test_expand_home_directories_considers_none_as_no_directories(): assert paths == () +def test_map_directories_to_devices_gives_device_id_per_path(): + flexmock(module.os).should_receive('stat').with_args('/foo').and_return(flexmock(st_dev=55)) + flexmock(module.os).should_receive('stat').with_args('/bar').and_return(flexmock(st_dev=66)) + + device_map = module.map_directories_to_devices(('/foo', '/bar')) + + assert device_map == { + '/foo': 55, + '/bar': 66, + } + + +def test_map_directories_to_devices_with_missing_path_does_not_error(): + flexmock(module.os).should_receive('stat').with_args('/foo').and_return(flexmock(st_dev=55)) + flexmock(module.os).should_receive('stat').with_args('/bar').and_raise(FileNotFoundError) + + device_map = module.map_directories_to_devices(('/foo', '/bar')) + + assert device_map == { + '/foo': 55, + '/bar': None, + } + + @pytest.mark.parametrize( 'directories,expected_directories', ( @@ -72,6 +96,7 @@ def test_expand_home_directories_considers_none_as_no_directories(): ({'/root': 1, '/root/foo/': 1}, ('/root',)), ({'/root': 1, '/root/foo': 2}, ('/root', '/root/foo')), ({'/root/foo': 1, '/root': 1}, ('/root',)), + ({'/root': None, '/root/foo': None}, ('/root', '/root/foo')), ({'/root': 1, '/etc': 1, '/root/foo/bar': 1}, ('/etc', '/root')), ({'/root': 1, '/root/foo': 1, '/root/foo/bar': 1}, ('/root',)), ({'/dup': 1, '/dup': 1}, ('/dup',)),